Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe. Created in 2001, the ACARE council consists of representatives from the EU member states, EU Commission, Eurocontrol, the European aerospace industry, research institutions and others. Its main task is to develop and implement the strategic research agenda (SRA) for Europe′s aerospace sector.

Association of European Airlines.

The whole mass of air surrounding the Earth. It is divided into various layers, distinguished from one another by distinct differences in vertical bands of temperature. Important for air traffic are the two lower layers: the troposphere and the stratosphere, lying above that. The troposphere′s upper boundaries vary depending on season and latitude. They lie at altitudes of 16 to 18 kilometers above sea level at the equator, and at 8 to 12 kilometers above sea level at the poles. The temperature in the tropopause, the transition layer between troposphere and stratosphere, drops to only about minus 60 degrees Celsius. It rises again in the stratosphere. There the concentration of water vapor is extremely low. The so–called ozone layer is also located in the stratosphere at altitudes of about 25 to 30 kilometers. Today′s commercial aircraft fly at cruising altitudes of between 8 and 13 kilometers. According to the latest research, air traffic emissions do not have a direct impact on the ozone layer.

Bundesdeutscher Arbeitskreis für Umweltbewusstes Management e.V. (Federal Working Group for Environmentally–Aware Management). B.A.U.M. was founded in 1984 as the first independent environmental initiative of German business. At currently 450 members, it is the largest of its kind in Europe. Lufthansa has been a member of the Working Group since 1997.

Gas resulting in nature from the burning or decomposition of organic masses (e.g. plant material) and from the breathing process of humans and animals. The greenhouse gas CO₂ remains for about 100 years in the atmosphere. Scientists attribute the increase of atmospheric CO₂ over the last 100 years to the burning of fossil fuels (e.g. coal, oil, natural gas) by humans. Per ton of fuel, 3.154 tons of CO₂ result from the combustion process. Currently, about 2 percent of man–made CO₂ emissions are due to air traffic.

Chemical compound consisting of one carbon and one oxygen atom, formed in the incomplete combustion process of substances containing carbon. For aircraft engines, the level of CO emissions depends greatly on the thrust level: The emissions per kilogram of fuel burned are higher at idle settings, while taxiing and on approach than during the climbing and cruising phases.

Internationally used term for the supplies loaded aboard an aircraft, including in–flight meals and service items.

Continuous Descent Approach. Procedure for a flight′s approach phase that reduces noise emissions 20 to 40 kilometers ahead of the runway threshold (Frankfurt). At Frankfurt Airport, it can only be used at night due to capacity restrictions.

Change Management comprises all the measures a company uses to introduce or adapt to change. The more intensively employees are informed about and involved in the processes of change, the more successful these changes will be.

Aircraft that meet the regulations of the strictest noise protection standard currently in force – the Chapter–4 noise standard. The Environmental Committee (CAEP) of the ICAO agreed on this standard in September 2001. As a result, all aircraft newly certified from 2006 must remain cumulatively below the Chapter–3 noise levels by 10 decibels or more. The maximum noise emission values for aircraft were introduced by the ICAO under Annex 16 to the convention on international civil aviation. Noise levels are measured at three measuring points: at 6,500 meters from the beginning of the runway (brake–release point) and 450 meters to the side of the runway for takeoffs (sideline), and at 2,000 meters in front of the runway threshold (approach) for landings. The latter corresponds to a flyover altitude of about 120 meters. The permitted values depend on the aircraft′s maximum take–off weight and number of engines.

A company′s responsibilities toward society at large, or "corporate citizenship." CSR refers to a company′s voluntary efforts in the area of society.

Corporate education institution for professionals and managers. See also Lufthansa School of Business (LHSB).

Measuring unit for the intensity and pressure of sound. The difference in intensity between the softest sound the human ear can perceive and the pain threshold is 1:10 trillion. To depict this enormous range objectively, acoustics uses the logarithmic decibel scale. On this scale, the value "0" is assigned to the perception threshold (for a sound of 1,000 Hz) and the pain threshold at the value "130." An increase of 10 dB corresponds to a tenfold increase in the sound′s intensity. For the perceived volume, a difference of 10 dB corresponds to half or double the volume. However, the human ear is not equally sensitive across the entire range of frequencies. Low and high sounds are not perceived as being equally loud even at the same intensity. For measurements, this difference is equalized and noted accordingly. The best known such notation is the
"A value," marked by the index dB(A). To measure aircraft noise, the EPNdB (Effective Perceived Noise Decibel) unit is used internationally.

An aircraft cannot take off with ice and snow on its wings and horizontal stabilizers. Such accumulations alter the aerodynamics and thus imply an enormous safety risk. For this reason, aircraft are forbidden to take off when they are covered by hoarfrost, snow or ice. Under wintry weather conditions, an aircraft's critical surfaces must be deiced with a mixture of water, propylene glycol and alcohol, which also protects them from icing over again (deicing/antiicing). On average, about 900 liters of deicing fluid are required to deice a Boeing 747 each time. By comparison, only 300 liters are needed for a Boeing 737. This deicing fluid is almost completely biodegradable and poses no danger for the environment. On an average winter day, about 65,000 liters of deicing fluid are used at German airports. On dry days with freezing temperatures, this figure is significantly lower.

German Network for Business Ethics. DNWE is a nonprofit organization, in which Lufthansa has been a member since January 1998 (Lufthansa double membership in DNWE and EBEN since January 1998). DNWE has about 450 current members, including many from German business, politics, religion and science. At the same time, DNWE is a national association of the European Business Ethics Network (EBEN).

In a corporate context, diversity refers to all characteristics that distinguish employees from one another. Diversity management offers approaches for handling human differences for the benefit of company and employees alike.

German Aerospace Center. The DLR serves scientific, economic and social purposes. It maintains 30 institutes, testing facilities and operational sites. Its goal is to help – using the means of aviation and space flight – to secure and shape the future. In its work, the DLR also seeks cooperation and allocation of research tasks among European partners.

The leading sustainability index worldwide lists the top 10 percent of companies in each industry, whose sustainable approach to corporate management is exemplary. Lufthansa was again listed in 2007.

econsense – Forum for Sustainable Development of German Businesses is an association of globally active corporations and organizations in German industry that have integrated the guiding principle of sustainable development into their corporate strategies. Lufthansa has been a member of this cross–industry network since its foundation in 2000.

Term for giving care to older next of kin. Elder care is part of Diversity Management. When needed, the Lufthansa Family Service advises employees on care options for family members in need.

Environmental Management and Audit Scheme, colloquially referred to as EU eco–audit regulations. European regulations concerning environmental management and certification.

Employee shares are usually offered to staff at preferential prices and with favorable terms of payment. Ordinarily, they are subject to a blocking period, during which they may not be sold.

The Leq is a measure for the energetic average of all sound pressure levels over a defined period of time. All sound events that differ in intensity and duration are summarized according to mathematical rules. The resulting average value is an accepted and proven measurement of the "noise quantity" occurring over an observed time interval.

Known in Germany as "Hermes guarantees." They serve to open up difficult markets and protect German companies from losses due to default by business partners abroad. The country where the exporting company has its headquarters assumes part of the export risk through its Export Credit Agency.

Airlines distinguish between freight performance offered (FTKO, freight ton kilometers offered) as part of its total performance offered and its sold freight performance (FTKT, freight ton kilometers transported) as part of its total performance sold. See also ton kilometers (TKO/TKT).

Index introduced by the Financial Times and the London Stock Exchange in 2001. The FTSE4Good lists only companies with above-average performance in the areas of human rights, social standards and environmental protection. Lufthansa has been listed since 2001.

Dumping of fuel in–flight due to emergency situations. A procedure used on long–haul aircraft (Airbus A330, Airbus A340, Boeing 747, Boeing 767, MD–11) before unscheduled landings (e.g. in the event of technical problems or serious passenger illness) to decrease the aircraft′s weight to the maximum permissible landing weight. In the event of a fuel dump, special airspace is assigned to the aircraft, if possible above uninhabited or thinly populated areas. Fuel is usually dumped at altitudes of 4–8 kilometers. A minimum altitude of 1,500 meters and a minimum speed of 500 km/h are required. The aircraft may not fly a fully closed circle. The dumped kerosene forms a fine mist in the turbulence behind the aircraft. Despite the use of highly sensitive methods of analysis, no contamination has been determined so far in plant or soil samples after fuel dumps.

A Functional Airspace Block is a unit of airspace defined in accordance with operational requirements. Priority is given in this case to the requirements of integrated airspace management across national borders.

Global network in whose context the United Nations cooperates with private sector corporations and civil action organizations to advance human rights, labor standards, environmental protection and anti–corruption measures.

Gaseous substances that contribute to the greenhouse effect and have both natural and human (anthropogenic) causes. The most important natural greenhouse gases are water vapor (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄); the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide from the combustion of fossil fuels. It accounts for about 77 percent of the greenhouse effect attributable to human activities. Methane, primarily generated by agriculture and large–scale animal husbandry, contributes about 14 percent to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. Other artificial greenhouse gases are nitrous oxide (N₂O), fluorocarbons (FCs and HFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Source: World Resources Institute (WRI), 2005.

International Air Transport Association. The general organization of international commercial aviation.

International Civil Aviation Organization. A United Nations agency that develops internationally binding norms for civil aviation.

German chapter of the International Chamber of Commerce. The ICC was founded in 1919 as the World Business Organization. More than 1,500 business organizations and over 5,000 corporations are organized in the worldwide framework of the ICC.

Founded in 2000, the initiative unites various industries and aims at improving the acceptance of recycling paper. Lufthansa is one of the initiative's founding members.

Transport system that uses at least two modes of transport – such as train and plane – integrated in a transport chain to carry people or goods from door to door. Thanks to a global approach, existing transport capacities can be used more efficiently.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. An international UN panel of experts on climate change, founded in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP).

International environmental management system. It allows companies to anchor environmental protection in their organization in a systematic manner.

Fuel for jet and propeller engines that is chemically similar to petroleum. Like diesel fuel or gasoline, kerosene is produced by distilling crude oil; unlike these fuels, kerosene does not contain halogenated additives. Due to its manufacturing process, it does not contain benzene hexachloride either. Worldwide, aircraft currently consume almost 170 million tons of kerosene per year. This represents about 5–6 percent of the world′s total crude oil production.

Codifies binding goals for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. It was passed in 1997 as an amendment to the protocol concerning the formulation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and was ratified in February 2005.

Germany′s first corporate university. It has received multiple awards for the worldwide standards it establishes for the development and training of professionals and managers. The LHSB supports processes of change within the Group and promotes a shared management culture.

Lufthansa initiative that supports managers and employees in reacting swiftly and flexibly to unexpected events, e.g. through workshops that teach and develop relevant methods.

Junior employee who is supported by an experienced mentor in his or her personal and professional development.

Experienced specialist or manager who passes on his or her know–how to a junior employee and facilitates contacts.

Instrument for targeted support of junior employees. Focuses on regular personal contacts between mentor and mentee.

Acronym standing for maintenance, repair and overhaul of aircraft.

Chemical compounds consisting of one nitrogen and several oxygen atoms. NOx is defined as the sum of NO and NO₂ compounds. Natural sources include lightning and microbes in the soil. Nitrogen oxides are also generated in combustion processes under high pressures and temperatures. Both of these parameters have been increased in modern aircraft engines to significantly reduce fuel consumption as well as emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. However, future combustion chambers of an advanced design could help reduce NOx emissions by 85 percent. Depending on the type of aircraft and operational conditions, this value varies between 6 and 20 kilos per ton of fuel burned. Air traffic has a share of 2–3 percent in manmade NOx emissions. Climate models show that nitrogen oxides have increased the concentration of ozone at cruising altitudes by a few percentage points.

Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series. Job safety management system, developed by the British Standards Institution in cooperation with international certification organizations.

Molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms formed in the stratosphere. The ozone layer located in the stratosphere has an important protective function, as it absorbs harmful ultraviolet light. While ozone at higher altitudes is broken down massively by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), it develops close to the ground under the influence of sunlight from numerous precursor substances ("summer smog") and irritates the mucous membranes. At current levels, nitrogen oxide emissions from air traffic at cruising altitudes cause an increase in atmospheric ozone, analogous to the generation of summer smog, estimated by scientists at 3–4 percent on the heavily–flown North Atlantic routes.

Lufthansa has been a Partner for Innovation since 2005. More than 200 companies, associations and institutions participate in this initiative. Its goal is to bundle the scientific and strategic know–how of its members and to translate innovative ideas into marketable products.

Measure for transport performance in passenger carriage (number of passengers multiplied by distance flown). Here one distinguishes between available transport performance (PKO, passenger kilometers offered or synonymously SKO, seat kilometers offered) and actual transport performance (PKT, passenger kilometers transported).

Measure for the transport capacity available (SKO, seat kilometers offered).

Passenger–related measure of utilization of aircraft: The ratio of transport performance (PKT, passenger kilometers transported) to capacity (PKO, passenger kilometers offered).

A company′s older, experienced employees.

Unified European airspace. This initiative of the European Union aims at optimizing traffic flows, standardizing licenses for air traffic controllers, harmonizing technology and thus maintaining safety, capacities and punctuality in growing air transport.

Designated point in time at which an airline may use an airport′s runway for takeoff or landing.

Groups or individuals who formulate their demands on a company (e.g. attainment of corporate goals) and pursue these either personally or through representatives. This includes shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers and others.

According to the guiding principle of sustainable development formulated in 1987 by the World Commission for Development and the Environment (Brundtland Commission), "sustainable development is a form of development that meets the needs of today's generation without jeopardizing the abilities of future generations to satisfy their own. "For businesses, this means acting responsibly not only in economic matters but also in environmental and social issues. All three aspects - economic, ecological and social - must be kept in balance.

Transfer of the workplace, e.g. to the home. Access to corporate data is provided via the Internet.

Measure of transport performance (payload multiplied by distance). One distinguishes between available transport performance (TKO, ton kilometers offered) and the actual transport performance (TKT, ton kilometers transported). In calculating payloads, passengers are taken into account by means of a statistical average weight.

Gases of which there are only very small amounts present in the atmosphere (e.g. ozone, methane, nitrous oxide, etc.) but which are of great significance for the Earth′s climate and the chemical processes in the atmosphere.

Anti–corruption organization, of which Lufthansa has been a member since 1999.

Organic mixture of carbon and hydrogen that results from the incomplete combustion of fuels containing hydrocarbons or from the evaporation of fuel.

The United Nations Environmental Program.

See Global Compact.

Proclaimed by the UN plenary session in 2002 for the period 2005 to 2014. Its goal is to anchor the principles of sustainable development worldwide in the national educational systems.

Volatile organic substances that are characterized by high steam pressure and thus evaporate easily into the atmosphere at room temperature. VOCs are present in solvents, cleaning agents, fuels and other substances. In the presence of nitrogen oxides and intense sunlight, VOCs lead to the generation of ozone.

Water vapor is the most important greenhouse gas, even ahead of carbon dioxide. Without water vapor from natural sources, the Earth′s surface would be around 22 degrees Celsius cooler. This makes water vapor responsible for two–thirds of the natural greenhouse effect (33 degrees Celsius). For each kilo of kerosene burned, 1.24 kilos of water vapor are released. Concerns that air traffic might increase the concentration of water vapor in the stratosphere and thus change the climate have been refuted by scientific research. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) concluded that even a one hundred–fold increase in the quantity of water vapor emitted by air traffic would not result in a detectable climatic signal.

Refers to a healthy equilibrium between work and private life.